The Battle of Bannockburn 1314 — Knowledge Organiser (P5–P7)
A P5–P7 knowledge organiser on the Battle of Bannockburn — Robert the Bruce, the Wars of Scottish Independence, why Edward II invaded, the battle itself, and its significance for Scottish national identity.
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The Wars of Scottish Independence
- 1 Wars of Scottish Independence (1296–1357) A series of military campaigns between Scotland and England over Scottish independence. Edward I of England ('Hammer of the Scots') invaded Scotland (1296), seized the Stone of Destiny, and installed a puppet king.
- 2 William Wallace A knight from Elderslie, Renfrewshire. Led a Scottish resistance movement. Won the Battle of Stirling Bridge (1297). Defeated at Falkirk (1298). Executed in London (1305) by Edward I — hung, drawn, and quartered.
- 3 Robert the Bruce (Robert I) King of Scots from 1306. Initially wavered between English and Scottish allegiances. After Methven (1306) defeat, became a determined guerrilla fighter. Gradually recaptured Scotland from English control.
- 4 The Battle of Bannockburn (23-24 June 1314) Edward II invaded Scotland with approximately 20,000 troops to relieve Stirling Castle. Bruce's army of approximately 7,000 defeated them. The English army was routed — Edward II fled.
- 5 The Declaration of Arbroath (1320) A letter from the Scottish nobility to Pope John XXII asserting Scotland's independence. Contains one of history's great statements of freedom: 'It is not for glory, honour, or riches that we fight, but for liberty alone.'
- 6 Significance Bannockburn secured Scotland's practical independence for the next three centuries. Bruce had united the country around national identity.
Learning objective
Describe the Wars of Scottish Independence; explain who Robert the Bruce and William Wallace were; describe the Battle of Bannockburn and why Scotland won; and understand the Declaration of Arbroath.
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Scottish Wars of Independence books
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